采用(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統服務功(gong)能(neng)綜(zong)合性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)評價(jia)法(fa)對(dui)林田湖(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保護修復分區方案進行研究，通過對(dui)獲(huo)取(qu)資料的(de)(de)(de)處理、分析總結，考慮自(zi)然系統整(zheng)體性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、系統性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、連通性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及區域(yu)差(cha)異性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)同時，在(zai)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)服務功(gong)能(neng)評價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，得(de)(de)出生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)服務功(gong)能(neng)重要(yao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分布(bu)(bu)范圍(wei);在(zai)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境敏感性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)評價(jia)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上得(de)(de)出生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境敏感性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)分布(bu)(bu)范圍(wei) ，進而采用(yong)疊(die)加分析獲(huo)得(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統服務功(gong)能(neng)綜(zong)合性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)評價(jia)。探(tan)索(suo)林田湖(hu)內在(zai)聯系在(zai)空(kong)間上的(de)(de)(de)體現，挖掘生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保護修復的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)間布(bu)(bu)局(ju)(ju)特征，探(tan)索(suo)其空(kong)間格局(ju)(ju)，在(zai)此(ci)基礎上。考慮人地(di)系統與地(di)域(yu)分異，結合構建生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)安全格局(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，對(dui)其進行整(zheng)體規劃。
一、修復技術
修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)主(zhu)要以(yi)原位修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)為(wei)主(zhu)，其可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)和(he)化(hua)學修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)三(san)大類型。示意圖(tu)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)主(zhu)要是利用(yong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)特定的微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)根系分泌物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、菌根和(he)超富(fu)集植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等降(jiang)解(jie)(jie)、吸(xi)(xi)收、轉化(hua)或(huo)(huo)(huo)固(gu)(gu)定土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，一(yi)(yi)般可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，有(you)時也包(bao)括動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理(li)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)主(zhu)要有(you)換土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法、熱(re)處(chu)理(li)法。換土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法是將污(wu)(wu)染(ran)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)通(tong)過(guo)深翻到(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)底層(ceng)(深層(ceng)翻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法)、或(huo)(huo)(huo)在污(wu)(wu)染(ran)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)上覆蓋(gai)清潔土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(客土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法)、或(huo)(huo)(huo)將污(wu)(wu)染(ran)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)挖走換上清潔土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(換土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法)將污(wu)(wu)染(ran)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)與生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統(tong)隔離;熱(re)處(chu)理(li)是通(tong)過(guo)加(jia)熱(re)的方式，將一(yi)(yi)些有(you)機物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)具有(you)揮發(fa)性的重金屬如汞(gong)、砷等從土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中解(jie)(jie)吸(xi)(xi)出來，或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)進行熱(re)固(gu)(gu)定的一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)方法。化(hua)學修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)是向土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中添加(jia)化(hua)學物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)，通(tong)過(guo)吸(xi)(xi)附、氧化(hua)還(huan)原、拮(jie)抗或(huo)(huo)(huo)沉淀(dian)等作用(yong)與土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)中污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)反應(ying)，將污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進行固(gu)(gu)定、解(jie)(jie)毒、分離提取(qu)的一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)方法。
二、農田土壤污(wu)染修復技(ji)術選(xuan)擇的原(yuan)則
農田土壤污(wu)染修復技術選擇(ze)主要有三個原則：
(1)可行性原則一是(shi)(shi)技(ji)術上(shang)可行，選用(yong)的(de)修復技(ji)術對污(wu)染農田土壤的(de)治(zhi)理效果比較好，能達到預期目標(biao)，能大(da)面積實施(shi)和推廣(guang);二是(shi)(shi)經濟上(shang)可行，治(zhi)理成(cheng)本不能太(tai)高(gao)，讓農村、農戶能夠承受，便于推廣(guang)，應(ying)盡量采用(yong)成(cheng)熟(shu)度高(gao)和可操作性強的(de)技(ji)術。
(1)安全性原則盡可(ke)能選擇對(dui)土壤肥(fei)力(li)、生產力(li)負面影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)小的技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，如(ru)植(zhi)物修復技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、微生物修復技(ji)術(shu)(shu)等。在農田土壤修復技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在實施過程中，不(bu)(bu)要帶入新(xin)的污(wu)(wu)染物，不(bu)(bu)產生二(er)次污(wu)(wu)染，不(bu)(bu)會對(dui)農田土壤環境、農作物和周邊環境以及(ji)人群健康產生不(bu)(bu)利影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，風險可(ke)接受。
(3)因(yin)地制(zhi)宜(yi)原則不能(neng)簡單(dan)照搬(ban)已有的(de)農田污(wu)染(ran)土(tu)(tu)壤治理(li)技術，應根據土(tu)(tu)壤的(de)：污(wu)染(ran)面積污(wu)染(ran)種類污(wu)染(ran)程度修復(fu)的(de)時(shi)間(jian)成本和未(wei)來土(tu)(tu)地用(yong)途等因(yin)素(su)綜(zong)合考(kao)慮;經過科學論證，選(xuan)擇(ze)合理(li)的(de)修復(fu)技術。
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